📖 The Book of Terrors by Ibn Abi al-Dunya 📖

By Abu Bakr ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ubayd ibn Sufyan ibn Qays al-Baghdadi, famously known as Ibn Abi al-Dunya

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There are many terrors that will occur in the cosmic order on the Day of Judgment, and they are explained below:

Terrors that will occur to the heavens:

The features of the heavens will change on the Day of Judgment as a result of their cracking and splitting, and the penetration of their pillars, which will lead to their collapse. They will also move and sway against each other, as Allah Almighty says: (On the Day when the heaven will be in violent motion). Furthermore, their color and shape will change, and they will take on a different form. So that man may witness what was hidden from him, God Almighty said: “Then when the sky is rent asunder and becomes rose-colored like oil,” meaning its color will be red like a rose, and it will be like boiling oil or molten lead, and it will become weak due to the descent of the angels within it. God Almighty described its weakness by saying: “And the sky is rent asunder, and on that Day it will be frail.” It will have gates due to its extensive splitting, and then the angels will descend to the gathering place through these gates in obedience to God Almighty’s command. Finally, it will be folded up, vanish, and be replaced by another sky, as God Almighty said: “On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth, and the heavens as well.”

The horrors that will befall the sun and moon:
On the Day of Resurrection, the sun will be darkened, and the moon's light will vanish. Then they will be gathered together and cast down. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The sun and the moon will be rolled up on the Day of Resurrection,” meaning they will be folded together with their light gone, and then cast down.

The horrors that will befall the stars and planets:
The stars will be extinguished and darkened, and their shapes will change—a phenomenon known as eclipse. They will also fall. As for the planets, they will become murky and darkened, and they will cease their movement and rotation. Some of these events are mentioned in the verse: “And when the stars are scattered,” meaning they will scatter and their shapes will change after having been in harmony.

The horrors that will befall the earth and the mountains:
The mountains will move and become like scattered dust, and the earth will split open. After the first blast of the trumpet, the earth will be folded up and replaced with another earth. Everything on it, including mountains, highlands, and other features, will not be in its usual form, but will be like a carpet. God Almighty says: “Nay, when the earth is leveled, leveled.” (Quran 16:10) The earth is stable because of the mountains on it, but after the mountains that stabilize it are removed, all this change will occur, including earthquakes and other events. It will become like sand after having been firm and solid. God Almighty says: “On the Day when the earth and the mountains will tremble, and the mountains will become a heap of shifting sand.” (Quran 37:10) The mountains will be like carded wool, then they will be blown away until they become scattered dust, leaving no trace. God Almighty says: “And they ask you about the mountains, so say, ‘My Lord will pulverize them completely, leaving them a level plain.’” (Quran 2:175) This means they will have no height or depression.

The horrors that will befall the seas: All the seas will be set ablaze on the Day of Resurrection. God Almighty says: “And when the seas are set ablaze” (Quran 86:10) This means they will become fire, drying up the land and leaving it without water. The seas are mentioned in the plural to indicate their vastness and immensity. Ibn Abbas held the view that fire may already exist at the bottom of the seas; they are not currently ablaze, but on the Day of Resurrection, God Almighty will set them ablaze and make them fire.

The author: Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ubayd ibn Sufyan ibn Qays al-Baghdadi al-Qurashi, a freedman of the Banu Umayya (208 AH - 281 AH), nicknamed Ibn Abi al-Dunya (a nickname that became more commonly used than his given name). Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr was born in Baghdad in the early third century AH, in the year 208 AH. He was an Arab historian and educator who tutored the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid and his son al-Muktafi Billah. Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may God have mercy on him, said of him in Al-Bidayah wa'l-Nihayah: "He was famous for his numerous, beneficial, widely circulated, and widely known works on matters of spiritual refinement and other subjects. He was truthful, a memorizer of hadith, and a man of integrity."

❇️ Some Quotes from Ibn Abi al-Dunya's Book of Terrors ❇️

- On the authority of al-Hasan, regarding the verse, "The sky will be rent asunder by it" (Al-Muzzammil, verse 18), he said: "Sorrowful, burdened."

- On the authority of 'Ikrimah, regarding "On a Day the measure of which is fifty thousand years" (Al-Ma'arij, verse 4), he said: "The Day of Resurrection."

- 'Umar ibn Dharr said: "Whoever wishes to see the Day of Resurrection in this world, let him recite: 'When the sun is folded up'"

- 'Umar ibn Dharr recited: "Master of the Day of Judgment" and said: "What a day that will be!" (Al-Fatihah, verse 4), "How much Your remembrance fills the hearts of the truthful!"

❇️ Chapters from Ibn Abi al-Dunya's Book of Terrors ❇️

- Mention of the approach of the Day of Resurrection
- Mention of the Trumpet
- Mention of the transformation of the earth into another earth
- Mention of the Resurrection And the Resurrection
- Mention of the Reckoning, Presentation, and Retribution
- Mention of the Standing
- Mention of the Gathering

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