Land and climate
The gram crop requires medium to heavy (45 to 60 cm depth) well drained, hard, loamy soil. Annual 7oo to 1o00 mm. Medium to heavy soils in rainfed areas retain a lot of moisture during the rabi season.

In such soils, the crop of arable gram grows well. Gram can also be grown in shallow, medium soils. But it requires irrigation system. Light chops or wetlands, saline soils should not be used for gram cultivation. Harbhajan needs cool and dry climate, clean sunlight and adequate moisture and such environment makes the crop better humane.

The minimum temperature is usually 1o degree to 15 degree centigrade especially after 2o days of harvest. And a maximum temperature of 25 degrees to 30 degrees Celsius. The temperature in Maharashtra is from November to January. Generally 5.5 to 8.6 sq. Ft. Soil yield is good.

Pre-cultivation
The soil needs to be well drained as the roots of the gram are going deep. As soon as the kharif crop starts, the soil should be plowed deep (25 cm) and then two cultivars should be given. If manure or compost is not given during kharif, 5 tons of decomposed manure or compost per hectare should be spread on the ground before plowing. After the shifting of the family, the land should be cleared by removing the waste and the field should be ready for sowing at the end of September.

Time of sowing
Jirait gram should be sown when there is sufficient moisture in the soil i.e. by end of September or till 1st October. The rains that fall in late September or early October after gram sowing are good for germination and growth of arable gram. Seeds should be sown deep (10 cm) in arable areas. However, due to availability of water in irrigated areas, sowing of gram should be done between 20th October to 10th November. It also works even if the gram is sown at low depth (5 cm) in the horticultural area. The longer the sowing, the lower the minimum temperature and the later the germination becomes slower and slower. Crop growth is reduced and branches, flowers and losses are reduced. For this it is necessary to sow arable and horticultural gram on time. When sowing, the distance between two rows should be 3o cm. And the distance between the two plants is 10 cm. Sowing should be done in such a way that the expected number of seedlings per hectare is obtained.

Seed processing and bacteriology
To improve seed germination and to protect the seedlings from fungal diseases, apply 5 gm of Trichoderma per kg of seed or 2 gm of Thyrum A 2 gm of Carbendazim per kg of seed before sowing. After this, rub 1o kg of seeds in a cold solution of jaggery in a 250 kg bag of Rhizobium bacterial culture. To prepare jaggery solution, take 125 gms of jaggery in one liter of water and warm it till it dissolves. Seeds should be dried in shade for one hour and sown immediately. This increases the number of glands on the roots of the gram and makes it available to the crop by absorbing more nitrogen from the air and increasing the yield of the crop by 3 to 5%.

Seed ratio
The number of seedlings per hectare is obtained by using the seed rate according to the size of different seeds of Harbhanya.

Fertilizers
New varieties of improved gram respond well to fertilizer and water, for which proper amount of fertilizer is required. Apply 5 tons of well decomposed manure or compost manure per hectare at the time of last application. At the time of sowing, 25 kg N, 50 kg P and 30 kg K per hectare i.e. 125 kg Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) plus 50 kg murate of potash or 50 kg urea and 300 kg single super phosphate plus 50 kg murate of potash. Per hectare. Experiments have shown that the use of balanced fertilizers has increased the production by 18.55 per cent. When the crop is in flowering, first spray 2% urea and then another spray 10-15 days later, this increases crop yield.

Intercropping
Weed control in the first 30 to 45 days is essential for vigorous growth of the crop. Weed management increases the total production by 20.74 per cent. The first hoeing should be done when the crop is 2o to 25 days old and the second hoeing should be done when the crop is 3o to 35 days old.