Electrolytes Emergencies

Electrolyte Emergencies is a free, evidence-based clinical reference app covering the full diagnostic and management workup of all major electrolyte disorders, designed for every level of clinical training from medical students to consultants.

Developed by Dr Atif Elnil MBBS MRCP, Neurology Department, St George's Hospital, London, this app provides structured, mobile-optimised guidance for use at the bedside, in the emergency department, on the acute medical unit, and during examination preparation.

*** WHAT IS COVERED ***

All 10 major electrolyte disorders with full management protocols:

- Hyponatraemia: severity classification, SIADH diagnostic criteria, 3% NaCl protocol, ODS prevention, sodium correction rate calculator
- Hypernatraemia: free water deficit calculator, correction rate limits, causes
- Hypokalaemia: IV replacement protocol, dose limits, renal vs extra-renal loss distinction
- Hyperkalaemia: C-BIG-K+ emergency protocol, ECG changes in sequence, calcium gluconate, insulin/dextrose, Resonium, ZS-9
- Hypocalcaemia: corrected calcium calculator, Chvostek and Trousseau signs, IV calcium doses
- Hypercalcaemia: Bones/Stones/Groans mnemonic, bisphosphonate protocol, calcitonin
- Hypomagnesaemia: IV MgSO4 doses, Torsades de Pointes protocol, pre-eclampsia regimen
- Hypermagnesaemia: toxicity levels, antidote (calcium gluconate), dialysis indications
- Hypophosphataemia: refeeding syndrome protocol, NICE CG32 guidance, IV Polyfusor regimen
- DKA and HHS: JBDS 2023 fluid and insulin protocol, diagnostic criteria comparison, resolution criteria

*** SPECIAL FEATURES ***

- 8 live calculators: sodium correction rate, free water deficit, corrected calcium, serum osmolality and osmolar gap, anion gap and delta ratio, TTKG (transtubular potassium gradient)
- ECG changes: sequence of changes for hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia with clinical significance
- Drug dose tables: IV KCl, calcium gluconate, MgSO4, bisphosphonates, insulin protocols
- Severity grading: mild, moderate, severe, critical for every disorder
- Causes by category: renal, GI, endocrine, drugs for each electrolyte
- Red flags: life-threatening emergencies requiring immediate action
- Step-by-step management algorithms for every disorder

*** SPECIAL POPULATIONS ***

- Renal failure (AKI and CKD): dose adjustments, dialysis indications
- Pregnancy: MgSO4 pre-eclampsia protocol, antidote